Linux Commands
Linux Commands
When we using Linux OS, we have to use commands for performing some tasks. though we have GUIs some of tasks cannot perform through them. So learning Linux commands are very important if we are going to use Linux type OS.
Important Commands
1. File Commands
ls - list the contents of the current directory in short form ls -l - detailed list ls -a - displays hidden files
cd sourcefile targetfile- copies source file to target file cp -i sourcefile targetfile - Waits for confirmation, if necessary, before an existing target file is overwritten cp -r sourcefile targetfile - Copies recursively (includes subdirectories)
mv sourcefile targetfile - copies source file target file and delete source file mv -b sourcefile targetfile - Creates a backup copy of the source file before moving mv -i sourcefile targetfile - Waits for confirmation, if necessary, before an existing target file is overwritten
rm file(s) - Removes the specified files from the file system rm -r file(s) - Deletes any existing subdirectories rm -i file(s) - Waits for confirmation before deleting each file
cd - change to user's home directory cd directory - change the current directory
mkdir directory - creates new directory
rmdir directory - Deletes the specified directory, provided it is already em
chown username.group file(s) - Transfers the ownership of a file to the user with the specified user name
chmod mode file(s) - Changes the access permissions
tar options archive file(s) - puts files into archive
2. System commands
date - display the date df - display total disk space df -H - shows the number of occupied blocks in gigabytes, megabytes, or kilobytes df -t - Type of file system (ext2, nfs, etc.) du du - shows the total disk space occupied by files and subdirectories in the current directory du -a - Displays the size of each individual file
3. Network
ip addr show - view all the network addresses
ifconfig - view the network information
ping host - ping a host to test the connection
netstat - view all the connected devices in the network
4. Package Management
apt-get update - refresh available updates
apt-get upgrade - upgrade all the packages
apt-get install - install packages
Below mind map shows the most of the commands used in linux environment.
